R Remove a trailing suffix of the form '.suffix', leaving the basename. T Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. h Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. ModifiersĪfter the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more of theįollowing modifiers, each preceded by a ':'. The previous command is used as the event. If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, X- Abbreviates 'x-$' like 'x*', but omits the last word. The empty string is returned in that case. It is not an error to use '*' if there is just one word in the event X-y A range of words '-y' abbreviates '0-y'. % The word matched by the most recent '?string?' search. For many applications, this is the command word. !fi:2 designates the second argument of the most recent commandĠ (zero) The 0th word. !!:$ designates the last argument of the preceding command. WordsĪre inserted into the current line separated by single spaces. The beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). It can be omitted if the wordĭesignator begins with a '^', '$', '*', '-', or '%'. The event specification from the word designator. Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. Repeat the last command, replacing string1 The trailing '?' can be omitted if the string is followed !?string Refer to the most recent command containing string. !string Refer to the most recent command starting with string. ! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, Of the history list without actually executing them, so that they are availableĪn event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. The '-s' option to the history builtin can be used to add commands to the end The '-p' option to the history builtin command can be used to see what a history Several shell options settable with the shopt builtinĬan be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion. Only '\' and ''' can be used to escape the History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expansionĬharacter, which is '!' by default. Surrounded by quotes are considered one word). The line is broken into words (several words That line that are acted upon are called words. The line selected from the history is called the event, and the portions of To select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. Line from the history list should be used during substitution. History expansion takes place in two parts. Into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. Making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input stream, History| grep -i first few letters of command History Expansion To find a specific command among many previous commands pipe history through To use ctrl-r, it will become invaluable for repeating longer commands. This will finish the command for you as you type. To return to a previously entered command, type ctrl-r and then begin typing Pressing the UP arrow will return to previous commands. The name of the history file if not, the value of HISTFILE is used ( -anrw options). Lines listed with a * have been modified.Īn argument of n lists only the last n lines. With no options, display the command history list with line numbers. s The args are added to the end of the history list as a single entry. On the standard output, without storing the results in the history list. p Perform history substitution on the args and display the result w Write out the current history to the history file. r Read the current history file and append its contents to the history list. History file since the beginning of the current Bash session. n Append the history lines not already read from the history file The beginning of the current Bash session) to the history file. a Append the new history lines (history lines entered since Offset should be specified as it appears when the history is displayed. Options to replace the history list completely.ĭelete the history entry at position offset.
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